Breast cancer is the most common cancer among all women to which it differs according to its capability to spread to other body tissues and organs.
Its cause has not yet been fully established but a number of cases have been diagnosed at an early stage and treated and so has the late stage cancer.
There are many signs and symptoms for breast cancer:
- A lump in the breast/ armpit.
- Breast pain/sore nipple.
- Inverted nipple.
- Change in size/shape of nipple/breast.
- Bloody nipple discharge.
- Swollen lymph nodes in the armpit/neck.
It is diagnosed by self-examination of the breast, during a physical exam, ultrasound, biopsy, mammogram and Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Treatment of breast cancer depends on the type of cancer and its stage (0-IV) and may involve surgery, chemotherapy or radiation to cure.
It is used to describe cancer that affects the age group between birth and 15 years of age children. Childhood cancers are very rare and may differ from adult cancers in the way they grow and spread, how they are treated and how they respond to treatment.
Common types of childhood cancer include leukemia, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, Wilms tumor and cancers of the brain, bone and soft tissue (Pediatric cancer.)
Signs and symptoms:
- Weight loss.
- Headaches
- Bones, joints, back, legs swelling and pain.
- Abdomen, neck, pelvis, armpit lump.
- Excessive bruising, bleeding or rash.
- Whitish color behind pupil.
- Persistent Fever.
The main treatments are Surgery, Radiation therapy or Chemotherapy.
It affects the colon/rectum to which is caused by old age and lifestyle choices. Some factors include; obesity, smoking and lack of physical activity.
Signs and symptoms:
- Blood in stool.
- Change in bowel movement.
- Weight loss.
Treatments may include a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy.
It also known as renal cancer to which there are two types namely; Renal Cell Carcinoma and Transitional Cell Carcinoma.
Factors that increase the risk of kidney cancer include smoking, which can double the risk of the disease are regular use of NSAID’s, obesity, faulty genes, a family history of kidney cancer, having kidney disease that needs dialysis being infected with Hepatitis C and previous treatment of cervical or Testical cancer.
Signs and symptoms:
- Blood in urine.
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- High temperatures
- Heavy sweating
- Persistent pain in the abdomen
Treatment for kidney cancer depends on the type and stage of the disease. Surgery is the most common treatment, as kidney cancer does not often respond to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Its exact cause is unknown. It is a group of cancers that begins in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells.
Signs and symptoms may include:
- Bleeding and bruising problems.
- Increased in risk infections.Diagnosis is basically by a mere blood test or bone marrow biopsy and can be treated by Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy and bone marrow transplant.
Also known as hepatic cancer and primary hepatic cancer that starts in the liver. Cancer that spreads from elsewhere to the liver is known as liver metastasis.
Signs and symptoms:
- Lump or pain in the right side below the rib cage.
- Weight loss.
- Swelling of the abdomen.
- Yellowish skin.
- Easy bruising.
The leading cause of liver cancer is Cirrhosis, Hepatitis B and C or alcohol, aflatoxin, liver flukes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Preventions are either by immunization against hepatitis B and treating those with Hepatitis B and C. Screening is highly recommended to those with chronic liver disease.
Treatment options include: Surgery, Targeted therapy, Radiation therapy. In some cases, ablation therapy, embolization therapy or liver transplant.
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